Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Ghee-yan Bah-ray) GBS
 

What is it?  Also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy GBS is described as an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord) presenting as a sudden onset of weakness and or paralysis of the legs, arms, chest and face.  The symptoms may range from mild to severe resulting in complete paralysis even requiring mechanical ventilation support.  Most people with GBS have a history of recent gastrointestinal or respiratory infection 1-3 weeks before onset of symptoms although other causes may exist.  GBS is often diagnosed by symptoms and physical exam.  Lab studies may be done to confirm diagnosis.  Most patients complain of progressive weakness and or paralysis starting in the lower extremities but unlike a stroke the weakness is almost always on both sides of the body them moving upward and centrally.  Patients may even present with facial weakness and or difficulty speaking.

Treatment.  Due to the unpredictable nature of GBS most patients require hospitalization usually in an ICU to monitor progression of the disease.  Plasma exchange and IV immune globulins are also available if needed.  Physical rehabilitation is also available for stable patients as movement and sensation begin to return.

For more information about GBS visit the Guillain-Barre Syndrome Foundation International website at www.gbsfi.com or call Stephens Memorial Hospital; Hope Middleton RN / Education Coordinator at 254-559-2242.